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Natural stimulant

Caffeine, the everyday stimulant

Caffeine is a bitter substance found naturally in coffee, tea, cola and chocolate that stimulates your central nervous system and helps you feel more awake2.

OtherTracked in mgDaily limit4 sources · checked 2026-09-27

How much you need

Overhead view of a white cup of black coffee surrounded by roasted coffee beans
Photo: Michael C on Unsplash (Unsplash License)
01 What it does

What caffeine does for you.

Alertness

Stimulates your central nervous system, which can make you feel more awake2.

Blocks adenosine

Its main action is blocking adenosine receptors in the body, including the brain3.

Mild diuretic

Helps your body get rid of extra salt and water by urinating more2.

Blood pressure

Can raise blood pressure, and too much can speed up your heart rate2.

Stomach acid

Increases the release of acid in your stomach2.

02 How your body uses it

How your body uses caffeine.

How your body uses caffeine: Drink or food → Gut → Blood → Brain → Liver → Excreted. Your genes change the pace Liver.01Drink or foodCoffee, tea, cola02GutAbsorbed rapidly03BloodPeaks within an hour04BrainBlocks adenosine receptors05LiverCYP1A2 breaks it down06ExcretedHalf gone in 3–5 hoursYour genesCYP1A2 varies by personchange the paceHow your body uses caffeine: Drink or food → Gut → Blood → Brain → Liver → Excreted. Your genes change the pace Liver.01Drink or foodCoffee, tea, cola02GutAbsorbed rapidly03BloodPeaks within an hour04BrainBlocks adenosine receptors05LiverCYP1A2 breaks it downYour genesCYP1A2 variesby person06ExcretedHalf gone in 3–5 hours

Caffeine reaches its peak level in the blood within about an hour, and you may feel its effects for four to six hours2. The liver enzyme CYP1A2, which differs between people, does most of the breakdown3.

03 Where to get it

Foods and other sources.

CoffeeBlack teaGreen teaColaEnergy drinksChocolateDecaf coffee

Foods

Food and servingAmount
Coffee, brewed, 12 fl oz113–247 mg
Energy drink, 12 fl oz41–246 mg
Black tea, 12 fl oz71 mg
Green tea, 12 fl oz37 mg
Caffeinated soft drink, 12 fl oz23–83 mg
Decaf coffee, 8 fl oz2–15 mg

Amounts vary widely by brand, brew and serving size, and energy drink labels may not show how much caffeine they contain2. Amounts per serving from1.

Medicines

Some pain relievers, cold medicines and alertness products contain added caffeine2.

Pure caffeine powder

Pure and highly concentrated caffeine is risky: less than half a teaspoon of powder can cause toxic effects like seizures1.

04 How much you need

Your daily reference amounts.

The same reference table draws the reference lines on your charts in Ayuvo. Needs differ in pregnancy and breastfeeding, which are not covered here.

400 mgReference limit per day for adults1
  • The U.S. Food and Drug Administration cites 400 mg a day for most healthy adults as an amount not generally associated with negative effects; sensitivity varies.
Caffeine reference amounts for adults aged 31–50: Limit 400 mgLimit 400 mg0Adults 31–50, per day
Within the limitAbove the limit
05 Balance

Too little, too much.

Signs like these have many possible causes. They are a reason to talk to a clinician, not to self-treat.

Too little

Stopping suddenly after regular use can bring short-lived withdrawal symptoms that usually go away after a couple of days2.

  • Headaches
  • Drowsiness
  • Irritability
  • Nausea
  • Trouble concentrating

Too much

Too much caffeine can cause side effects, and people vary widely in how sensitive they are and how fast they clear it1.

  • Fast heart rate or palpitations
  • Trouble sleeping
  • Anxiety and jitters
  • Upset stomach or nausea
  • Headache or dizziness
  • Dehydration
06 Key points

Remember these five.

  1. A 12-ounce brewed coffee can hold anywhere from about 113 to 247 mg of caffeine.
  2. Decaf coffee and tea still contain a little caffeine.
  3. Caffeine peaks within about an hour, and its effects can last four to six hours.
  4. Pure or highly concentrated caffeine powders can be dangerous even in small amounts.
  5. Pregnant or breastfeeding people, children and people on some medicines should take extra care.
FAQ

Questions about caffeine.

How long does caffeine stay in your system?

Caffeine reaches its peak level in your blood within about an hour, and you may feel its effects for four to six hours. About half of it has been cleared after three to five hours, but this varies a lot between people.

How much caffeine is in a cup of coffee?

A 12-ounce cup of regular brewed coffee has about 113 to 247 mg of caffeine, depending on the beans and how it is brewed. An 8-ounce cup of decaf still has about 2 to 15 mg.

Is caffeine withdrawal dangerous?

Withdrawal is not considered dangerous, but it can bring headaches, drowsiness, irritability, nausea and trouble concentrating. These usually ease after a couple of days, and cutting back gradually can help.

Get started

Track caffeine in Ayuvo.

Ayuvo charts caffeine by day, week, month and year, with the reference lines from this page, personalised by age and sex where they differ. Supplements you log in Medications count too. Free, with no account.

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Sources

Facts on this page come from these sources, checked on the dates shown. Intake numbers come from Ayuvo's shared reference table, which cites the sources marked for them.

  1. Spilling the Beans: How Much Caffeine Is Too Much? · U.S. Food and Drug Administration checked 2026-09-27
  2. Caffeine · MedlinePlus, U.S. National Library of Medicine checked 2026-09-27
  3. Adenosine A2A receptor antagonists: from caffeine to selective non-xanthines (Jacobson KA et al. British Journal of Pharmacology, 2020) · PubMed Central checked 2026-09-27
  4. Caffeine and Doping: What Have We Learned since 2004 (Diel P. Nutrients, 2020) · PubMed Central checked 2026-09-27

General information, not medical advice. This guide is for healthy adults and does not cover pregnancy, breastfeeding, children or medical conditions. It cannot diagnose or treat anything. Talk to a clinician before starting high-dose supplements, or if you think you may have too little or too much of a nutrient. Spotted an error? Email us.